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Nuo kokio amžiaus galiu tapti nuotoliniu pilotu?

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Kokios taisyklės reglamentuoja skrydžius bepiločiais orlaiviais?

2019 m. gegužės 24 d. Komisijos įgyvendinimo reglamentas

(ES) 2019/947 dėl bepiločių orlaivių naudojimo taisyklių ir tvarkos

Kaip gauti kvalifikacijos pažymėjimą, suteikiantį teisę skraidyti atvirosios kategorijos A1/A3 pakategorėse?

Siekiant gauti Internetinio mokymo baigimo patvirtinimo pažymėjimą (A1/A3), visų pirma užsiregistruojate internetinėje sistemoje kaip vartotojas ir turite joje:

1. baigti internetinį mokymo kursą;

2. išlaikyti internetinį teorijos žinių egzaminą;

3. sumokėti už pažymėjimo išdavimą.

Internetinį mokymo kursą sudaro devyni skyriai. Perėjus visą skyriaus medžiagą laikoma, kad skyrius užbaigtas. Esant poreikiui, skyrių galima peržiūrėti pakartotinai. Tik baigus visą mokymo kursą, sistema patvirtina internetinio mokymo baigimą. Mokymo kursas privalomai kartojamas neišlaikius internetinio teorijos žinių egzamino.

Baigus visą mokymo kursą, galima laikyti internetinį teorijos žinių egzaminą. Šį egzaminą sudaro 40 klausimų – proporcingai paskirstytų iš visų mokymo kurso dalykų. Klausimai pateikti su keturiais atsakymų variantais ir tik vienas iš jų yra teisingas. Egzamino trukmė – 40 min. Atsakinėjant į klausimus galima laisvai pereiti nuo vieno klausimo prie kito ar sugrįžti prie anksčiau peržiūrėto ir pakeisti pasirinktą atsakymo variantą. Nepateikus atsakymo iki egzaminui skirto laiko pabaigos, neatsakytas klausimas bus laikomas atsakytu neteisingai. Egzaminas bus išlaikytas, teisingai atsakius bent 75% visų klausimų. Egzamino perlaikymai neribojami, tačiau jį perlaikyti bus galima tik iš naujo baigus visą internetinį mokymo kursą. Išlaikyto egzamino rezultatas galioja vienerius metus pažymėjimui gauti.

Ar galiu skraidyti su FPV bepiločiu orlaiviu atvirojoje kategorijoje?

Atvirojoje kategorijoje su FPV bepiločiu orlaiviu galima atlikti skrydį tik su UA stebėtoju, kuris padeda išlaikyti UA atokiai nuo kliūčių. UA stebėtojas negali naudoti matymo priemonių (pvz., žiūronų). UA stebėtojas turi būti šalia nuotolinio piloto, kad galėtų įspėti nuotolinį pilotą, padėdamas išlaikyti reikiamą atstumą tarp UA ir bet kokių kliūčių, įskaitant kitą oro eismo dalyvį. Tai pat bet kokiu atveju, net ir skrydžių naudojant FPV metu, nuotolinis pilotas vis tiek yra atsakingas už skrydžio saugumą.

Who is a drone operator

A drone operator is any person, whether natural or an organisation, who owns the drone(s) or rents the drone. You can be both a drone operator and a remote pilot if you are also the person who actually flies the drone. However, you could be the remote pilot without being a drone operator, if, for example, you are a pilot working for a company which provides services with drones. In that case, the company is the drone operator and you are the remote pilot.

If you bought a drone to fly it in your leisure time, you are both the drone operator and remote pilot.

If you bought a drone to give away as a gift, the person who will receive the gift and then fly the drone will be the drone operator and the remote pilot.

Types of drone the Regulation refers to

‘Unmanned Aircraft’ means any aircraft operating or designed to operate autonomously or to be piloted remotely without a pilot on board;

This definition includes all types of aircraft without a pilot on board, including radio-controlled flying models (powered fixed wing, helicopters, gliders) whether they have an on-board camera or not.

The Regulations use the term UAS, unmanned aircraft system, to refer to a drone, its system and all the other equipment used to control and operate it, such as the command unit, the possible catapult to launch it and others.

RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) is a subcategory of UAS, which includes both RPAS and fully autonomous UAS. Fully autonomous UAS fly completely by themselves without the need for any pilot intervention.

Regulatory reference: paragraph 30 of Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 1139/2018 / Article 2(1) of EU regulation 2019/947 and article 3(3) of EU regulation 2019/945

As a drone racer, which category and subcategory of operation do I fall under?

Normally drone races are organised by clubs and associations. In such cases, they may have received operational authorisations from their National Aviation Authorities in accordance with Article 16 of Regulation (EU) 2019/947, which also covers the organisation of such events.

If, instead, you want to conduct a race that is not within a club or association and with no spectators (in this context meaning uninvolved persons, see the definition above) present, you will fall under the ‘open’ category and you can operate under subcategory A3.

Is flying with goggles (first person view) authorised in the 'open' category?

The Regulation allows you to fly without keeping direct eye contact with the drone, provided you have a person next to you, a UA observer, keeping direct visual contact with the drone, scanning the airspace to make sure that you do not endanger other parties (e.g. aircraft or buildings or persons). The UA observer must be located alongside you so they can immediately communicate with you in case they see an obstacle, and give you instructions, such as to immediately land the drone.

Regulatory reference: Article 4(d) of EU regulation 2019/947.

Are spectators allowed in the 'open' category?

When operating in the ‘open’ category, flying over uninvolved people is not allowed, so there must not be any spectators. See also the explanation on uninvolved persons under ‘understanding EU Regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945‘.

Does the new EU Regulation on drones also apply to model aircraft?

Yes, the EU Regulation on drones applies also to model aircraft. However, model aircraft are not the main ‘target’ of the new rules. EASA is aware that aeromodelling is a hobby that has been practised for almost a century by many pilots throughout Europe, with an excellent safety record. EASA is also aware that it’s a hobby that has always been important for the development of aviation technology and attracts young people to aviation-related professions.

Why have model aircraft been considered the same as drones?

Both model aircraft and drones are unmanned aircraft and therefore it makes sense that both need to be considered under the same regulation.

With the inclusion of model aircraft in the EU UAS Regulation, the intention of the legislator was not to introduce new restrictions, but to enable EASA Member States to continue applying their current requirements for model aircraft. It explicitly encourages States to do so and provides various options for this, with one important exception: the need for the model aircraft owner to register themselves as UAS operator and make their registration number visible on (or easily accessible within) the aircraft while on the ground.

I build my own drones (privately built) ‘open’ category

Does my drone fall under the 'open' category?

Yes, privately built drones can be used, and depending on their weight, operated in the ’open’ category or the ’specific’ category. You, as the drone operator, need to fulfil all the requirements of the Regulation, and in the ’open’ category, you can only operate under subcategory:

• A1 when the drone’s maximum take-off weight (MTOM) including its payload is less than 250 g and the maximum speed is less than 19 m/s; or in

• A3 when the drone’s MTOM including its payload is less than 25 kg.

Regulatory reference: UAS.OPEN.020 (5) (a) and UASOPEAN.040 (4)(a) Annex part A of EU regulation 2019/947.